Knowledge

Manoeuvre

- In conditions of reduced visibility, standardised sound signals and Rule 19 of the KVR apply; reducing speed takes precedence over prescribed evasive manoeuvres.  
- Radar and AIS assist in collision avoidance, but do not replace the lookout or the KVR; AIS data may be incomplete or inaccurate.  
- In German maritime waterways, the SeeSchStrO supplements the KVR, introducing right of way in the fairway and special categories such as vessels with right of way.

KVR and SeeSchStrO: What applies in fog and in the fairway

- Harbour manoeuvres in crosswinds and tight berths can be carried out in a controlled manner with a small crew, provided the crew are skilled.  
- To cast off, the yacht is slowly turned out of the berth with its stern facing the jetty, using a figure-of-eight manoeuvre and careful use of the engine.  
- When entering the berth, the bow and stern lines are used to align the yacht with the windward bollard, after which all mooring lines are cast off calmly.

Harbour manoeuvres: Stress-free berthing with a two-person crew – new video from YACHT TV

- The YACHT Cat Experience by Sunsail will take place from 2 to 6 May 2027 off the Dalmatian coast near Split.
- Participants will learn to steer a sailing catamaran themselves and manoeuvre it safely, including practical harbour manoeuvres.
- The sailing course is aimed at sailors with little or no experience of skippering catamarans and takes the form of a flotilla.

NEW – YACHT Cat Experience by Sunsail: Manoeuvring training in Croatia

- KVR classifies vessels according to manoeuvrability: at the top, those unable to manoeuvre or with restricted manoeuvrability; next, fishing vessels and sailing vessels; at the bottom, motorised vessels.
- A vessel’s status is determined by the signals it displays and its means of propulsion; the overtaking vessel is always obliged to give way, regardless of its priority.
- In narrow fairways and within the VTG, larger vessels must not be obstructed and vessels must keep to the right; crossings must be clearly visible and as close to right angles as possible.

KVR rules on giving way: Which vessel must give way to which?

- The Voxtob Manoeuvre Box visualises harbour manoeuvres, clarifies responsibilities and facilitates crew briefings ahead of stressful situations in the harbour.  
- The haptic board, featuring a model boat and a simulated harbour, is particularly useful for helping inexperienced crews to plan manoeuvres together.  
- The box is no substitute for practical experience on the water, but it can help to structure procedures; it costs 49 euros (S) or 64 euros (larger version with a second boat).

Voxtob Manoeuvring Box: Prepare for mooring manoeuvres safely

- The distinction between the vessel obliged to give way and the vessel maintaining course only applies when there is a risk of collision, as indicated, amongst other things, by a stationary bearing.
- The risk of collision is assessed using a bearing compass, radar (CPA/TCPA) and, where applicable, AIS; in cases of uncertainty, the worst-case scenario must be assumed.
- Vessels obliged to give way must take early, clear and wide-ranging action, whilst vessels on course must maintain their course and speed and only give way in an emergency.

KVR explains: When the obligation to give way and the obligation to keep to one’s course come into effect

- The KVR define obligations rather than rights of way and require responsible risk avoidance rather than rigid adherence to the letter of the law.  
- Rule 2 requires that, in the event of imminent danger, one must deviate from the rules of way and always choose the safest course of action to avoid a collision.  
- Safe navigation requires a vigilant lookout and an appropriate speed; the KVR apply worldwide in waters navigated by seagoing vessels, supplemented by local regulations.

KVR explains: Think for yourself rather than insisting on right of way

- Physical intervention to prevent boats from colliding carries a high risk of injury; maintain a safe distance solely by manoeuvring, using lines and fenders.
- Fenders must be correctly positioned at the widest point of the boat; do not climb over or jump from the boat unless the distance can be safely controlled.
- Boat control in the harbour is achieved through prepared mooring lines, clear procedures and the correct sequence when securing the boat, particularly in crosswinds.

Mooring a boat: How to avoid dangerous mistakes when mooring

- A legervall occurs in onshore winds, waves or currents and can quickly cause yachts that are not at a sufficient distance from the leeward coast to run aground.
- Clusters of accidents, particularly in Seegatten and harbour entrances, are often the result of overconfidence, unfamiliarity with the area and technical failure.
- Prevention: choose the leeward shore, factor in currents and break-off points, keep the anchor clear, keep sails ready to reef, make radio contact early and consider insurance risks.

Avoiding Legerwall: What skippers can learn from the groundings off Norderney

- Gaff sails were a defining feature of sailing for centuries, but were later superseded by engines on commercial vessels and by square sails on yachts.  
- The classic gaff sail uses a topsail for light winds; variants with a steeper gaff do not require a topsail and allow for shorter masts.  
- The Dutch type, with a long mast leech and short gaff, lowers the sail’s centre of gravity; the wishbone rig increases sail area and ease of handling, but is expensive and complex.

Traditional sails: What gaffs and spread gaffs can do

- The junk sail distributes tension via partial sheets to the battens, uses lightweight canvas, has virtually no heel, and can be reefed very easily without reefing lines.
- Boats with a junk rig are considered less capable than sloops when sailing close to the wind, but are otherwise similarly capable whilst being significantly easier to handle.
- Sprit sails are simple, inexpensive and gaff-like; they were used on many working boats and, despite their large sail area, allow the boat to be operated with a small crew.

Traditional sail types: junksails and sprit sails explained

- Mooring in a tight squeeze is common in busy summer harbours; preparation, consideration and clear arrangements make docking and casting off safe and stress-free.  
- Legally, it is difficult to refuse a request to moor alongside; conflicts usually arise from a lack of consideration, poor communication and a rush.  
- Important practical rules: choose suitable neighbouring boats, fend off properly, lay out mooring lines, coordinate departure times and never untie other people’s lines without permission.

Crowded harbours in summer: how to moor safely and peacefully in a cluster

What are sailing manoeuvres? ✅ What sailing manoeuvres are there? ➤ All sailing manoeuvres at a glance + tips ✅

All sailing manoeuvres at a glance - simply explained

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All sailing manoeuvres at a glance - simply explained

KVR and SeeSchStrO
What applies in fog and in the fairway

Harbour manoeuvres
Stress-free berthing with a two-person crew – new video from YACHT TV

NEW – YACHT Cat Experience by Sunsail
Manoeuvring training in Croatia

KVR rules on giving way
Which vessel must give way to which?

Voxtob Manoeuvring Box
Prepare for mooring manoeuvres safely

KVR explains
When the obligation to give way and the obligation to keep to one’s course come into effect

KVR explains
Think for yourself rather than insisting on right of way

Mooring a boat
How to avoid dangerous mistakes when mooring

Avoiding Legerwall
What skippers can learn from the groundings off Norderney

Traditional sails
What gaffs and spread gaffs can do

Traditional sail types
Junksails and sprit sails explained

Crowded harbours in summer
How to moor safely and peacefully in a cluster

All sailing manoeuvres at a glance - simply explained

KVR and SeeSchStrOWhat applies in fog and in the fairway

Harbour manoeuvresStress-free berthing with a two-person crew – new video from YACHT TV

NEW – YACHT Cat Experience by SunsailManoeuvring training in Croatia

KVR rules on giving wayWhich vessel must give way to which?

Voxtob Manoeuvring BoxPrepare for mooring manoeuvres safely

KVR explainsWhen the obligation to give way and the obligation to keep to one’s course come into effect

KVR explainsThink for yourself rather than insisting on right of way

Mooring a boatHow to avoid dangerous mistakes when mooring

Avoiding LegerwallWhat skippers can learn from the groundings off Norderney

Traditional sailsWhat gaffs and spread gaffs can do

Traditional sail typesJunksails and sprit sails explained

Crowded harbours in summerHow to moor safely and peacefully in a cluster

KVR and SeeSchStrO
What applies in fog and in the fairway

Harbour manoeuvres
Stress-free berthing with a two-person crew – new video from YACHT TV

NEW – YACHT Cat Experience by Sunsail
Manoeuvring training in Croatia

KVR rules on giving way
Which vessel must give way to which?

Voxtob Manoeuvring Box
Prepare for mooring manoeuvres safely

KVR explains
When the obligation to give way and the obligation to keep to one’s course come into effect

KVR explains
Think for yourself rather than insisting on right of way

Mooring a boat
How to avoid dangerous mistakes when mooring

Avoiding Legerwall
What skippers can learn from the groundings off Norderney

Traditional sails
What gaffs and spread gaffs can do

Traditional sail types
Junksails and sprit sails explained

Crowded harbours in summer
How to moor safely and peacefully in a cluster